Basic Terminology of soil mechanics.

Hello friends today I am going to share you about different basic terminology of soil mechanics.
So first start with basic terms used in soil mechanics

1. Water Content (w)  Water content is defined as the ratio of weight of water to the weight of solids in a given mass of soil.

            Water content = w ÷ Ws



2. Density of Soil:-  Density of soil is defined as the mass the soil per unit volume.

             Density of soil = W ÷ V

3. Bulk Density:-  Bulk density is the total mass of the soil per unit of its total volume.

              Bulk density = Wt ÷ V

4. Dry Density:-  The dry density is dry  mass of soils per unit of total volume of the soil mass.



5.Saturated Density:- When the soil mass is saturated, is bulk density is called saturated density


6. Submerged density:- The submerged density is the submerged mass of the soil solids per unit of total volume of the soil mass.



7. Unit Weight of Soil Mass:- The unit mass weight of a soil mass is defined as it s weight per unit volume.



8. Bulk Unit Weight:  The bulk weight is the total weight of a soil mass per unit of its total volume.



9. Dry Unit Weight:-  The dry unit weight of soil is weight of solids per unit of its total volume of the soil mass.



10. Unit Weight of Solids: The unit weight of soil solids is the weight of soil solids per unit volume of solids.

          Unit weight of solids = Ws ÷ V

11.Submerged  Unit Weight:- ' The  submerged  unit  weight  is  the  submerged  weight  of  soil  solids  per  unit  of  the  total volume of soils.

      Submerged Unit Weight = Wsub. ÷ V



12.Saturated  Unit Weight :- Saturated  unit  weight  is  the  ratio  of  the  total  weight  of  a  saturated  soil  sample  to  its  total unit  volume.

      Saturated Unit Weight = Wsat. ÷ V


13.Void Ratio (e) Void  ratio  of  a  given  soil  sample  is  the  ratio  of  the  volume  of void to the volume of  soil  solids  in  the  given  soil mass.

             Void ratio (e) =  Vv ÷ Vs


14.  Porosity (n) :- The  porosity  of  a  given  soil  sample  is  the  ratio  of  the  volume  of  voids  to  the  total  volume of the given soil mass.
       
              Porosity (n) = Vv ÷ V

15. Degree of saturation: - (Sr)  The  degree  of  saturation  is  defined  as  the  ratio  of  the  volume  of  water  present  in    a  given soil mass to the total volume of voids on it.

           Degree of saturation= Vw ÷ Vv

16. percentage of air voids (na):- Percentage  of  air  voids  is  defined  as  the  ratio  of  the  volume  of  air  voids  to  the  total volume of soil mass.
           
                 % of air void = Va ÷ V

17. Air content: Define (ac) :-The air content is defined as the ratio of volume of air void to the volume of voids.

              Air content=   Va ÷ Vv

18. Density Index  :-  The  density  index  is  defined  as  the  ratio  of  the  differences  between  the  voids  ratio  of  the soil  in the  loosest  state  and  its  natural  voids  ratio  ratio  &  to  the  differences  between  voids  ratio  in the loosest and densest states.

                             Density index= (emax - e) ÷ (emax - emin)